There was a time when family's strength lied on the people who tied it
with their love, care, restrictions n may be some were religious beliefs. As
even though people didn't like them all they did obey and it resulted in
togetherness and care for one another.
What is the importance of it today?
We say that we are independent and hence don't need any restrictions or
beliefs or ancestral thoughts to bind us. Which resulted in Hatred, Jealousy,
and Ego etc within us? Strange but true, Here I will explain how to solve blood
relation questions with easy & simple trick.
In your own language you may know all types of relations. In English also
you should know all types of relation without any doubt. Some important
relations are provided below. You should remember these relations to solve all types
of problems. Here in solving problems some may find it difficult and there
turns to learn it in their own mother tongue so I strongly say please try out
this in English itself. ALL THE BEST…..
POINTS TO BE NOTED / RULES:
1. Family
or Blood Relationship means persons connected by relations like –
father-mother, son-daughter, brother-sister, grandfather-grandmother,
uncle-aunty, nephew-niece, brother-in-law, sister-in-law etc. The list can go
on and on adding members from father’s side and mother’s side etc.
2. Questions
in Test of Reasoning on Family /Blood Relationship are about the
relationship of a particular person with another person of the family, based on
the chain of relationships between other members of that family.
3. Family/Blood Relation
Tests are an exercise to test the candidate’s ability to
comprehend and come to the crux of an issue from complex, lengthy and unclear
data.
4. Some Common Terms:
Meaning of
some terms often used in questions on family relationship are given below:
a) Parent –
Mother or father
b) Child –
Son or daughter (even if an adult)
c) Sibling –
Brother or sister (Including half brother and half sister - one parent in
common)
d) Spouse –
Husband or wife
Basic Relationships
Aunt, Uncle,
Niece and Nephew
*Most English
speakers use “uncle” for any of four relationships: father’s brother, mother’s
brother, father’s sister’s husband, or mother’s sister’s husband.
*Again, “aunt”
in English could mean father’s sister, mother’s sister, father’s brother’s
wife, or mother’s brother’s wife.
*Brother’s or
sister’s son is called nephew. Brother’s or sister’s daughter is called niece.
*Children of
aunt or uncle are called cousins.
5. Relationships
Involving the Term ‘-in-law’:
In General,
Any
relationship term ending with -in-law indicates that the relationship is by
marriage and not by blood. In other words, -in-law will be a blood relative of
the spouse.
In-law
relationship terms are always written with hyphens. And the plural is formed on
the part before the “-in-law”; for example, “brothers-in-law” and not “brother-in-laws”.
The only exception is the general term “in-laws”, which is always plural.
6. Father-in-law,
Mother-in-law, Son-in-law and Daughter-in-law:
*Father-in-law is the father of spouse;
mother-in-law is the mother of spouse. If parents get divorced and remarry,
their new spouses are
called stepparents, not mother-in-law and father-in-law.
*The husband
of daughter is son-in-law; the wife of son is daughter-in-law. If spouse has
children from a previous marriage, those are called stepchildren, not
sons-in-law or daughters-in-law. The person is their stepfather or stepmother,
not their father-in-law or mother-in-law.
7. Brother-in-law
and Sister-in-law:
Brother-in-law”
and “Sister-in-law” each have two or three meanings as follows:
a)
Sister-in-law could be
i) The sister
of spouse, or
ii) The wife
of brother, or
iii) The wife
of spouse’s brother.
b) Similarly,
Brother-in-law could be
i) The
brother of spouse, or
ii) The
husband of sister, or
iii) The
husband of spouse’s sister.
8. Relationships
Involving the Terms ‘Grand’ and ‘Great’:
The
relationships of the second generation are prefixed with the word Grand. For
example, for a person, the first generation below him/her would be that of
his/her child/children. The next/second generation would be the children of the
children who would be called Grand Children of that person. The next/ third
generation children would be called Great Grand Children of that person. This
also applies to Niece and Nephew. For example Son of nephew of a person is
called Grand Nephew and so on.
Similarly,
for a person, the first generation above him would be that of his/her parents
(Father/Mother). The next/second generation above him/her would be the parents
of the parents who would be called Grand Parents/ Grand Father/ Grand Mother of
that person. The next/ third generation parents would be called Great Grand
Parents/ Great Grand Father/ Great Grand Mother of that person.
This also
applies to the collateral relationships. For example Son of nephew of a person
is called Grand Nephew; Brother of Grand Father is called Grand Uncle and so
on.
The fourth
generation relationships are called Great Great Grand. For example, Son of
Great Grand Son is Great Great Grand Son.
8. Half
Sibling and Step Relations:
Questions on
Half Sibling and Step Relations are not very common in exams. The information
given below is only for very discerning candidates.
A half
sibling (half brother or half sister) is a sibling with one shared biological
parent.
When a parent
remarries, the new spouse is the stepfather or stepmother of any children from
the previous marriage. The children from a previous marriage are stepsons and
stepdaughters. One is called stepbrother or stepsister if they have no parents
in common but their parents have married each other.
There are two ways Martha
could have a stepsister:
*If Martha’s mother marries second time, and her
new husband (Martha’s new stepfather) already has a daughter from a previous
marriage, that daughter is Martha’s stepsister because one of her parents is
married to one of Martha’s parents.
*If Martha’s
father marries second time, and his new wife already has a daughter, that
daughter is again Martha’s stepsister.
A similar
rule gives the two ways for stepbrother.
Hence,
The questions which are asked in this
section depend upon Relation. You should have a sound knowledge of
the blood relation in order to solve the questions.
To remember easily the relations may be
divided into two sides as given below:
1. Relations of Paternal side:
1. Father's father →
Grandfather
2. Father's mother →
Grandmother
3. Father's brother → Uncle
4. Father's sister → Aunt
5. Children of uncle → Cousin
6. Wife of uncle → Aunt
7. Children of aunt → Cousin
8. Husband of aunt → Uncle
2. Relations of Maternal side:
1. Mother's father →
Maternal grandfather
2. Mother's mother →
Maternal grandmother
3. Mother's brother
Maternal uncle
4. Mother's sister → Aunt
5. Children of maternal
uncle → Cousin
6. Wife of maternal
uncle → Maternal aunt
Different
types of questions with explanation:
TYPE
1:
If A + B means A is the mother
of B; A x B means A is the father of B; A $ B means A is the brother of B and A
@ B means A is the sister of B then which of the following means P is the son
of Q?
Explanation:
Q x R = Q is the mother of R
[-Q, ±R]
R $ P = R is the brother of P
[+ R, ±P]
P $ N = P is the brother of N
[+ P, ±N]
Therefore P is the son of Q.
TYPE
2:
A has 3 children. B is the
brother of C and C is the sister of D, E who is the wife of A is the mother of
D. There is only one daughter of the husband of E. what the relation between D
and B is?
Solution: with the help of
chart you can diagram:
D is a boy because there is only one daughter of E.
Hence, B is the brother of D.
TYPE
3:
Pointing to a photograph, Rekha
says to Lalli, "The girl in the photo is the second daughter of the wife
of only son of the grandmother of my younger sister." How this girl of photograph
is related to Rekha?
Solution:
Grandmother of younger sister
of Rekha → Grandmother
of Rekha
Wife of only son of grandmother
→ Mother of Rekha
Younger daughter of the mother → Younger sister.
Note: While
solving the question (+) can be used for male and (-) can be used for female
SOME
EXAMPLES:
1. Pointing to a photograph of
a boy Suresh said, "He is the son of the only son of my mother." How
is Suresh related to that boy?
Explanation:
The boy in the photograph is
the only son of the son of Suresh's mother i.e., the son of Suresh. Hence,
Suresh is the father of boy.
2. If A + B means A is the
mother of B; A - B means A is the brother B; A % B means A is the father of B
and A x B means A is the sister of B, which of the following shows that P is
the maternal uncle of Q?
Explanation:
P - M → P is the brother of M
M + N → M is the mother of N
N x Q → N is the sister of Q
Therefore, P is the maternal
uncle of Q.
3. If A is the brother of B; B
is the sister of C; and C is the father of D, how D is related to A?
Explanation:
If D is Male, the answer is
Nephew.
If D is Female, the answer is
Niece.
As the sex of D is not known,
hence, the relation between D and A cannot be determined.
NOTE: Niece - A daughter of
one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law. Nephew -
A son of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law.
4. If A + B means A is the
brother of B; A - B means A is the sister of B and A x B means A is the father
of B. Which of the following means that C is the son of M?
Explanation:
M x N → M is the father of N
N - C → N is the sister of C
And C + F → C is the brother of F.
Hence, M is the father of C or
C is the son of M.
5. Introducing a boy, a girl
said, "He is the son of the daughter of the father of my uncle." How
is the boy related to the girl?
Explanation:
The father of the boy's uncle → the grandfather of the boy and daughter of the
grandfather → sister of
father.
6. Pointing to a photograph Lata says, "He is the son of the only son of my grandfather." How is
the man in the photograph related to Lata?
Explanation:
The man in the photograph is
the son of the only son of Lata's grandfather i.e., the man is the son of
Lata's father. Hence, the man is the brother of Lata.
7. If D is
the brother of B, how B is related to C? To answer this question which of the
statements is/are necessary?
The son of D is the grandson of
C.
B is the sister of D.
Explanation:
Given: D is the brother of B.
From statement 1, we can detect
that D is son of C (son of D is the grandson of C).
From statement 2, we can detect
that B is 'Female' (sister of D).Therefore, B is daughter of C.
8. If A + B means A is the
father of B; A - B means A is the brother B; A % B means A is the wife of B and
A x B means A is the mother of B, which of the following shows that M is the
maternal grandmother of T?
Explanation:
M x N → M is the mother of N
N % S → N is the wife of S
And S + T → is the father of T.
Hence, M is the maternal
grandmother of T.
9. Pointing to a photograph.
Balaji said, "He is the son of the only daughter of the father of my
brother." How Balaji is related to the man in the photograph?
Explanation:
The man in the photo is the son
of the sister of Balaji. Hence, Balaji is the maternal uncle of the man in the
photograph.
10. If A + B means A is the
sister of B; A x B means A is the wife of B, A % B means A is the father of B
and A - B means A is the brother of B. Which of the following means T is the daughter
of P?
Explanation:
P x Q → P is the wife of Q
Q % R → Q is the father of R
R - T → R is the brother of T
T + S → T is the sister of S.
Therefore, T is the daughter of
P.
11. Each of these questions is
based on the following information:
A + B means A is the mother of
B.
A - B means A is the sister of
B.
A * B means A is the father of
B.
A $ B means A is the brother of
B.
Which of the following means
that N is the maternal uncle of M?
A. N $ P - L + E - M B. N - Y + A $ M
C. M - Y * P - N D. N $ C + F * M
Explanation:
N $ P → N is the brother of P
P - L → P is the sister of L
L + E → L is the mother of E
E - M → E is the sister of M.
Hence, L is the mother of M, P
is the maternal aunt of M and N is the maternal uncle of M.
Sources:
1. A modern approach to verbal reasoning book - r.s. aggarwal
2. learn English through Telugu in 30 days book.
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